Rare collection of 17th-century petitions gives voice to England's early foster carers

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Recent PhD candidate in Early Modern British History draws on surviving petitions to reveal how women fought for their rights

Today, the UK faces a major retention and recruitment crisis in foster care, and carers in different parts of the country continue to campaign for higher funding.

Having studied the experiences of foster carers in the 17th century, Cambridge historian Emily Rhodes argues that these struggles have a long history and that England’s early foster carers had more authority than we might expect.

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Emily Rhodes

Rhodes – who has just completed her PhD on petitioning by mothers in England and Wales – studied a rare collection of surviving petitions submitted to the Lancashire quarter sessions courts from 1660–1720.

In a study published in The History of the Family journal, Rhodes reveals the experiences of 38 women who cared for non-kin children for their parish. Traditionally, this work has been called ‘boarding’ or ‘tabling’ but Rhodes says:

 

 
“There are very clear similarities between then and now and we should view these women as early foster carers. People in authority looked at family situations and judged whether it was appropriate for a child. When they decided it wasn’t, they sought to place them in a new home, ideally with somebody from their local community, and they compensated this person to look after the child.”

“These women provided such a vital role that when they weren’t paid enough or at all, they had enough authority to approach their county justices, powerful men, and successfully argue their case.”

“Today’s foster carers and the rest of society should know that even 350 years ago this role was essential and respected in society, and that women had power in the system. Every social safety net relies on determined individuals, we all need to remember that.”
 
 
Images: 'Mother and Child' by Jan Steen, 17th century painting. Credit: courtesy of York Museums Trust; Emily Rhodes. Credit: Emily Rhodes
 
Emily Rhodes
Recent PhD candidate:
“These petitions give voice to some of the most inaccessible women in history. They've left a very small footprint but they played a crucial role in society.”